山西鋼結構建筑中滲(shen)水(shui)的原因有哪些呢？怎么及時補救可以(yi)減少損失(shi)？

鋼結構屋面形式

鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)結(jie)構(gou)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、墻面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)等(deng)(deng)圍(wei)護(hu)結(jie)構(gou)，一般采用(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，其厚度一般在0.3~~1.0mm，彩(cai)(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)用(yong)鍍(du)鋅（或(huo)鍍(du)鋁鋅）等(deng)(deng)預(yu)涂(tu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)色鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)軋制成型(xing)，外表(biao)噴涂(tu)油漆層(ceng)。對要(yao)求有(you)(you)保(bao)溫、隔熱、隔音效果的(de)建(jian)筑物，可(ke)以采用(yong)雙(shuang)層(ceng)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，中(zhong)間(jian)填充保(bao)溫材料(liao)（如玻(bo)璃棉(mian)、巖棉(mian)、泡(pao)沫等(deng)(deng)）；填充材料(liao)可(ke)以在現場填充，也可(ke)以與彩(cai)(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)工廠預(yu)復合成型(xing)（稱為(wei)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)夾芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)）。建(jian)筑屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)作為(wei)建(jian)筑物頂(ding)層(ceng)的(de)承(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)外圍(wei)護(hu)結(jie)構(gou)，它的(de)圍(wei)護(hu)作用(yong)和(he)(he)(he)立面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)造型(xing)作用(yong)對整個建(jian)筑而關重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)，是(shi)輕型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)結(jie)構(gou)圍(wei)護(hu)系統漏水(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)部位(wei)。其主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)作用(yong)是(shi)能抵抗風(feng)、雨、雪的(de)侵(qin)襲及太陽(yang)的(de)輻射，并承(cheng)受屋頂(ding)的(de)自重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)屋頂(ding)上的(de)風(feng)、雪以及上人(ren)的(de)荷(he)載。輕型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)結(jie)構(gou)屋頂(ding)根據所用(yong)材料(liao)大致有(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)色壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)色鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)夾芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、多彩(cai)(cai)(cai)油氈瓦、各(ge)種輕質屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、GRC板(ban)(ban)(ban)、金屬拱形波紋屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、復合壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)多種類型(xing)。輕型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)結(jie)構(gou)屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)及墻面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)材料(liao)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)選用(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)色壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)夾芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。筆者所監理(li)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)結(jie)構(gou)工程(cheng)工程(cheng)中(zhong)，屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)材料(liao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)選用(yong)成品玻(bo)璃棉(mian)夾芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)色壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)規格(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)YX173—300—600、YX130—275—550、YX70—200—600、YX38—175—700、YX21—180—900等(deng)(deng)28種板(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)，在上述規格(ge)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材中(zhong)，既有(you)(you)360°卷邊板(ban)(ban)(ban)、暗扣板(ban)(ban)(ban)搭接連(lian)接，也有(you)(you)打釘(ding)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，檁條(tiao)為(wei)自重(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)輕的(de)薄(bo)壁C型(xing)或(huo)Z型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)檁條(tiao)，屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)度設計一般為(wei)1／10～1／15。

2、屋(wu)面板的連接(jie)

鋼(gang)結構(gou)體系建筑屋(wu)面板，在(zai)屋(wu)面上有長向連(lian)接(jie)(jie)和側(ce)向連(lian)接(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)。長向連(lian)接(jie)(jie)主要是搭(da)接(jie)(jie)，即上坡(po)板壓(ya)下(xia)(xia)坡(po)板，搭(da)接(jie)(jie)處設(she)置防(fang)水密封膠加固定壓(ya)條，而側(ce)向連(lian)接(jie)(jie)的方式，目前主要有以(yi)下(xia)(xia)3種(zhong)：

1）搭接(jie)連接(jie)把(ba)壓型鋼板(ban)搭接(jie)邊重(zhong)疊，并用各種(zhong)(zhong)螺栓、鉚(liu)釘或自(zi)攻(gong)螺釘等連成整體。該連接(jie)又分為帶密封膠槽與不帶密封膠槽2種(zhong)(zhong)，屋面螺釘外露(lu)，波(bo)峰均比較低。

2）暗扣式(shi)連接固(gu)(gu)定(ding)支(zhi)座利用(yong)(yong)平(ping)頭自(zi)攻螺(luo)釘固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)檁條上，再將壓型屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)板與固(gu)(gu)定(ding)支(zhi)座扣合(he)。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)無(wu)螺(luo)釘外露，但由于(yu)與檁條直(zhi)接用(yong)(yong)螺(luo)釘連接而無(wu)法控制熱脹冷縮的(de)變形。

3）咬合暗扣式(shi)連(lian)接，這是(shi)比較(jiao)的(de)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)連(lian)接方(fang)式(shi)，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)系統通過滑動支架來固定(ding)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)，既有利于屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)防水和(he)保(bao)持屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)整體性(xing)，又(you)能有效(xiao)地(di)控制因熱脹冷(leng)縮引起的(de)變形，該(gai)連(lian)接形式(shi)分180。和(he)360。兩(liang)種。